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RES - Fusion Reactor 2

#resfusion2 Chapter 2: The Mystery of the Looperator. https://lnkd.in/ethBQ--B : Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology>Vol.10 No.1, January 24 The double helix reveals an underlying principle for balancing the dynamic forces within a plasma volume. Regardless of whether the plasma vessel is in the form of a tokamak, an annular stellarator or a Looper, the magnetic field generated by the coils is stronger on the inner side of the plasma vessel facing the centre than on the outer side. As a consequence of this asymmetry in the magnetic field, the fermions are compelled to deviate from their assigned magnetic field lines, thereby increasing the risk of collision with the inner wall of the plasma vessel. This potential collision could result in the immediate shutdown of the fusion reactor to prevent significant damage. To compensate for this asymmetry, the tokamak employs additional coils that introduce a poloidal component to the toroidal magnetic field, thereby causing the field lines to twist. In contrast, the Wendelstein 7x stellarator necessitates hybrid coils that combine toroidal and poloidal field components in a computer-controlled, sophisticated design. In contrast, the Looperator does not require any additional coils beyond the Helmholtz coils to produce a spherical magnetic field. The twisting of the magnetic field lines in each individual layer of the plasma volume is achieved without any further intervention. In the context of the spark of invention, the blue and green lines of the figure of eight symbolise not only eternity and sustainability, but also the regular alternation of the blue and green lines from inside to outside in asymmetric loops. If we now consider the figure of eight as a spatial figure and assume that an equally strong Lorentz force acts in both halves of this spatial double helix, a logical explanation for the self-organised twisting of the magnetic field lines becomes a realistic concept. The magnetic field generated by Helmholtz coils on a Looperator is neither toroidal nor poloidal; rather, it is spheroidal and generates magnetic field lines, each of which lies on the surface of a transformation sphere of one radius. The endless loops of magnetic field lines organise themselves on the surface of the uniform transformation spheres. Electrons, together with nuclei of deuterium and tritium are precisely guided along the magnetic field lines, colliding with each other at speeds in excess of 1000 km/s and temperatures of 100 to 400 million degrees Celsius, and fusing to form helium by releasing highly energetic neutrons that do not follow the magnetic field lines and large amounts of thermal energy. The extended version, please read: https://lnkd.in/e7yKA_c4 #looperator #solution4fusion #resfusion2 #plasmaphysics #rsenergy2024 #isaset2024 #islop2024 #gmson2024 #grcresd2024 #plasma #plasmaphysics #excellence from #theländ www.res-institute.com

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RES - Fusion Reactor 3

#resfusion3 Chapter 3 : A Choreography for Quantum Mechanics. https://lnkd.in/ethBQ--B Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology > Vol.10 No.1, January 2024. Within the double helix, electrons and ions are subject to rotational forces transverse to the magnetic field. The Looperator's quantum mechanical choreography for electrons and ions, which involves reversing the direction of rotation of the particles four times, creates an equilibrium by eliminating the gyral effects. When this choreography is applied, an abrupt fourfold reversal of the intrinsic spin of the particles results in an angular momentum plane defined by four joints of the four semicircular arcs of the plasma. This results in the cancellation of the torques of the particles, thereby achieving orbital stability through an angular sum of 720 degrees. This is necessary for the particles to return to the beginning of their orbit in the same spin state. Furthermore, the spherical magnetic field of the double helix causes the particles to rotate once around their spin axis, resulting in an angular sum of 360 degrees. The equilibrium of the magnetic forces in the plasma volume is thus achieved by exploiting the intrinsic spin of the particles. The change in spin direction within fractions of a femtosecond prevents the formation of gyral drifts due to the spin-induced precession of the particles, so that the particles follow the magnetic field lines exactly and return to a starting point on the respective path with the same spin state. The magnetic field required for this process is generated exclusively by the Helmholtz coils, which produce a spherical magnetic field with a central magnetic field line surrounded by a multitude of eccentric magnetic field lines. Since electrons and ions possess mass, they are subject to centrifugal and gyration forces, which are employed to disrupt the accumulation of gyral effects by altering the direction of spin four times in the double helix's plane of angular momentum. The extended version, please read: https://lnkd.in/e7yKA_c4 #looperator #solution4fusion #resfusion3 #plasmaphysics #rsenergy2024 #isaset2024 #islop2024 #gmson2024 #grcresd2024 #optics2024 #asktheinventor #fusionenergy #plasma #plasmaphysics #excellence from #theländ www.res-institute.com

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RES - Fusion Reactor 4

#resfusion4 Chapter 4: The Looperator uses mirror symmetry to balance bifurcation. https://lnkd.in/ethBQ--B : Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology > Vol.10 No.1, January 2024. The Looperator is designed for the confinement of plasma within a vessel, exhibiting the shape of a double helix, which is surrounded by a plurality of Helmholtz coils. The plasma volume is defined by a central magnetic field line composed of four equal semicircular arcs, which define four magnetic planes connected by four joints. These joints define a common plane of angular momentum, which lies on the surface of a central transformation sphere around the centre point of the fusion reactor. The off-centre magnetic field lines are arranged in several concentric layers within the tubular surfaces of the double helix, all of which lie on the same transformation sphere around the off-centred midpoints. With respect to the central magnetic field line, Helmholtz coils are arranged concentrically at regular intervals transverse to the magnetically induced flow of the plasma and create a spherical magnetic field which forces equal path lengths for particles of spin quantum number 1/2 in two halves of a spherical double helix, which are mirror images of each other at a zero line and define two periods of a ring-shaped oscillation. Due to the chiasm of the double helix, each individual magnetic field line represents an endless loop divided into two halves with equal path lengths for ions and electrons, which are guided in concentric layers of the magnetic field. Due to the mirror symmetry of the magnetic field, the Lorentz force is the same in both halves of the double helix and causes the charged particles to rotate around the magnetic field lines in spirals of equal path length in both halves of the double helix. In contrast to modern magnetic confinement fusion experiments, where additional coils are needed to induce a twist in the magnetic field, no such additional coils are required. The extended version, please read: https://lnkd.in/e7yKA_c4 #looperator #solution4fusion #resfusion4 #plasmaphysics #rsenergy2024 #isaset2024 #islop2024 #gmson2024 #grcresd2024 #optics2024 #asktheinventor #fusionenergy #plasma #plasmaphysics #excellence from #theländ www.res-institute.com

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RES - Fusion Reactor 5

#resfusion5 Chapter 5 : The Looperator Opens Up a new Category in Fusion Technology. https://lnkd.in/ethBQ--B : Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology > Vol.10 No.1, January 2024. The Looperator has been designed for the purpose of permanent magnetic plasma confinement, which is achieved by a quantum-effective choreography of its induction system, which operates in accordance with the principles of general relativity. The first part of the invention, which directly leads into quantum physics, describes the quantum-effective choreography for the intrinsic spin properties of electrons and ions, which has been designed for permanent plasma confinement. The second part of the invention describes a new magnetic field constellation, which makes it possible to implement a plasma vessel with a very simple geometrical order. This can be constructed with serial components in modular assemblies for the various subsystems that make up the fusion reactor as a whole. The fluid dynamics of the plasma resulting from the electromagnetic excitation inside the plasma vessel of the Looperator can be described by forced ring oscillations, which establish a fluid dynamic equilibrium of the electromagnetically induced forces. In order to exploit the intrinsic spin properties of electrons and ions, which defy any visual representation, a combination of three geometric operations is required, namely translation, rotation and the Lorentz transformation. The combination of these transformations, also known as the Poincaré group, is necessary to demonstrate the veracity of general relativity. A comprehensive geometrical analysis revealed that within each individual concentric layer of the tubular plasma volume, the looped magnetic field lines for particles with a spin quantum number of 1/2 are of equal length and lie on the surface of a transformation sphere of uniform radius. The extended version, please read: https://lnkd.in/e7yKA_c4 www.res-institute.com

RES - Fusion Reactor 6

#resfusion6 Chapter 6 : Operability and Scalability. https://lnkd.in/ethBQ--B : Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology > Vol.10 No.1, January 2024. The fusion reactor, which includes its power supply and an energy conversion system, can be situated both on land and in space, and can be integrated into a vehicle, particularly a watercraft. The plasma vessel itself is composed of a number of identical vessel modules, either circular or oval in cross-section, arranged between an inner and an outer radius around the central point, concentric with the central magnetic field line. These modules can be bolted or welded together to form four arcuate units. The magnetic field, in the form of a double helix, ensures that the plasma volume follows the cross-section of the plasma vessel with a distance to an inner shell. The Helmholtz coils are assigned to the individual vessel modules and have a radial distance to the plasma vessel as well as longitudinal distances to each other, which can be defined by sector angles of the radius around the central midpoint of the Looperator. The central magnetic field line of the fusion reactor is surrounded by a number of concentric layers for the arrangement of off-centre magnetic field lines with analogous peaks and junctions. Following the ignition of the plasma, electrons and protons of the heavy isotopes of hydrogen separate from each other, resulting in the generation of a Lorenz force by the Helmholtz coils within the magnetic field formed by the double helix. This force determines both the direction of the magnetodynamic flow and the orientation of the angular momentum axis and the angular momentum plane of the particles. The two periods of a ring oscillation are divided into two mirror-inverted halves by at least one zero line between opposite connecting points of the central magnetic field line. This results in the distinction of the ring oscillations in the individual layers of the plasma volume, which are each characterised by layer-specific frequencies. The frequency band of these oscillations extends from 50 Hz on the outside of the plasma volume to several kilo Hz in the region of the central magnetic field. The diameter of the plasma vessel is estimated to be between 0.30 and 0.40 metres. A diameter of the plasma vessel of only 0.30 to 0.40 metres will be sufficient to ignite the plasma, allowing the construction of compact fusion reactors. The diameter of the plasma volume enclosed in the plasma vessel is a minimum of 0.3 to a maximum of several metres. The extended version, please read: https://lnkd.in/e7yKA_c4 #Looperator #solution4fusion #resfusion6 #plasmaphysics #rsenergy2024 #isaset2024 #islop2024 #gmson2024 #grcresd2024 #optics2024 #asktheinventor #fusionenergy #plasma #plasmaphysics #excellence from #theländ www.res-institute.com

RES - Fusion Reactor 7

#resfusion7 Chapter 7: Time is perceived as a continuum of loops. https://lnkd.in/ethBQ--B: Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology > Vol.10 No.1, January 2024. Orbits are not only observed in atoms, where electrons orbit around the nucleus, but can also be identified as a universal structure of space, manifesting not only in atoms, crystals and molecules, but also on a macroscopic and even cosmic scale. The nuclear fusion reactor provides an exemplary demonstration of a macroscopic orbital model. In this model, both the radii of the corresponding transformation spheres and the loops themselves are of equal length due to the regularity of a spherical magnetic field. This regularity can be observed both at the eccentric magnetic field lines and at the central red magnetic field line. A distinctive feature of the double helix is the mirror symmetry of two periods of a regular oscillation. This symmetry is employed to create a fluid-dynamic equilibrium in the plasma of a fusion reactor. The thickness of the coloured lines displayed here represents the radii of gyration for charged particles, including deuterium and tritium nuclei, electrons, and others, in the outermost layer of the magnetically confined plasma within a double-helix plasma vessel. Periodic oscillations of elementary particles are a universal structural principle, detectable both in a single atom and in the universe in general. These oscillations can be exploited to advantage for permanent magnetic plasma confinement. This technique enables the harnessing of nuclear fusion in a timescale of one to two years. As the concept is scalable, such fusion reactors could be installed in ships, for example. The extended version, please read: https://lnkd.in/e7yKA_c4 #Looperator #solution4fusion #resfusion7 #plasmaphysics #rsenergy2024 #isaset2024 #islop2024 #gmson2024 #grcresd2024 #optics2024 #asktheinventor #fusionenergy #plasma #plasmaphysics #excellence from #theländ www.res-institute.com

RES - Fusion Reactor 8

#resfusion8 The Tokamak and Stellarator are challenged by introducing the Looperator. Chapter 8: The angular momentum plane of the spherical double helix acts like a Bloch wall. The electrons and ions in the plasma are accelerated by the Lorentz force to speeds of up to 1000 km/s and are subject to gravity due to their mass. In the angular momentum plane, defined by the joints of the four semicircular arcs of the double helix magnetic field lines are being twisted four times by ninety degrees. Gravity here will cause a torque, both through centrifugal force and a shearing force caused by the gyration of the particles around the magnetic field lines. This torque prevents the formation of unwanted turbulence in the plasma by changing the spin direction of the particles four times within one orbit. This is achieved through the application of centrifugal and shear forces, as represented by the white and red arrows, respectively. It is important to note that these forces should not be resisted; rather, they should be utilised to counteract the formation of turbulence in the plasma. Newton's third law posits that the magnetic field generated by the Helmholtz coils, with the Lorentz force acting in the direction of the plasma flow, induces an electric vortex field perpendicular to the Lorentz force. This electric vortex field causes electrons and ions to orbit around the magnetic field lines. The greater the strength of the magnetic field, the larger the orbital radius of the electrons and ions around each magnetic field line. In conventional fusion reactors, the orbital motion of the particles disrupts the layered structure of the magnetic field, which is a contributing factor to the relatively short lifetime of fusion experiments. The video animation illustrates that in the angular momentum plane defined by the four nodes, both the centrifugal force and the shear force cause the spin to transition from a down spin to an up spin. By changing the spin direction four times in one revolution, the electrons and ions are unable to follow the centrifugal and shear forces acting across the plasma flow direction. In conventional fusion reactors, this orbital motion of the particles destroys the layered structure of the magnetic field, which is why the lifetime of fusion experiments has been relatively short. The electrons and ions thus develop the trajectory fidelity required for permanent magnetic plasma confinement. Additional coils are not required as all magnetic field lines lie on the surface of a one-radius transformation sphere. Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology > Vol.10 No.1, January 2024. https://lnkd.in/ethBQ--B #Looperator #solution4fusion #resfusion8 #plasmaphysics #rsenergy2024 #isaset2024 #islop2024 #gemson2024 #optics2024 #blochwall #asktheinventor #excellence from #theländ www.res-institute.com

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RES - Fusion Reactor 9

#resfusion9 The Tokamak and Stellarator are challenged by the Looperator Chapter 9: Unexpected support from Dr Reginald B. Little : "The (Little Rules and Effect) describe the cause of phenomena of physical and chemical transformations on the basis of spin antisymmetry and the consequent magnetism of the most fundamental elements of leptons and quarks and in particular electrons, protons and neutrons causing orbital motions and mutual revolutionary motions (spinrevorbital) to determine the structure and the dynamics of nucleons, nuclei, atoms, molecules, bulk structures and even stellar structures. By considering the Little Effect in multi-body, confined, pressured, dense, temperate, and physicochemically open systems, new mechanisms and processes will be discovered and explanations are given to the stability of multifermionic systems for continuum of unstable perturbatory states with settling to stable discontinuum states (in accord to the quantum approximation) to avoid chaos in ways that have not been known or understood. On the basis of the Little Effect, the higher order terms of the Hamiltonian provide Einstein’s missing link between quantum mechanics and relativity for a continuum of unstable states. Such continuum of unstable, hidden states determines fractional charges and fractured dipoles (orbitals) that strongly couple with limitations of larger space and shorter times for coupling quantum magnetism (spinrevorbitals) to macromagnetism and gravity (via phasal and group dispersions,respectively) and vice versa and for coupling orbital electricity (spintransorbitals) to macroelectricity and classical (and heat) mechanics (via phasal and group dispersions, respectively) and vice versa." Read more about the spinrevorbital : https://lnkd.in/e63nFZp7 Dr. Little's comment to #resfusion10 : Thank you for welcome to Res-Institute. Congratulations on your invention. I am not a designer of nuclear reactors. I noticed your video and the motion of the particle in orbit with it spinning and simultanteously revolving in the space it orbits is identical to nano and molecular scale orbital, revolution and spin of subatomic particle by what I call spinrevorbital for describing the motion and properties of electrons, neutrons and protons on molecular and nano scales. I think your system is macroscopic. I am impressed by the similarity of the motions on subatomic and molecular to nanoscales in my model and your macroscopic design of nuclear reactors. Congratulations, you invented the nuclear reactor as you illustrated. I just recognized an analog of the image to my atomic scale model. Thanks Reginald B. Little #Looperator #solution4fusion #resfusion9 #resfusion10 #plasmaphysics #rsenergy2024 #isaset2024 #islop2024 #gemson2024 #optics2024 #asktheinventor #excellence from #theländ www.res-institute.com

RES - Fusion Reactor 10

#resfusion10 Chapter 10 “Natura non nisi parendo vincitur. Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed." Francis Bacon English philosopher and statesman. * 1561; † 1626 The magnetic field lines are twisted by the drift of electrons and ions. In the initial scenario (V1), as a consequence of electrons and ions orbiting the core of the fusion reactor along field lines in opposing directions, their drift will be in the same direction. The configuration of Helmholtz coils at regular intervals around a double helical central magnetic field line (depicted in yellow) on the surface of a central transformation sphere gives rise to the generation of a speroidal magnetic field. The coils are oriented concentrically and orthogonally to the center of the fusion reactor, which is defined by the intersection of axes x, y, and z. As the magnetic field is stronger on its center-oriented side than on its outer side, the gyral drift of the electrons (shown in red) and the ions (shown in blue) points in the same direction, as previously explained in Chapters 11 and 12. The opposing direction of electron and ion orbit is illustrated by transformation spheres, depicted in red for electrons and blue for ions, oscillating around the center of the fusion reactor in opposite directions. The aforementioned directions are illustrated by four exemplary magnetic field lines, depicted in different colors. Although the structure of the magnetic field reveals a double helical tube with concentric magnetic layers around a central magnetic field line, it is spheroidal in nature due to the fact that all magnetic field lines possess the same length and are situated on the surface of an oscillating transformation sphere of uniform radius. It is noteworthy that the twisting of the magnetic field lines is a consequence of the asymmetric distribution of the field force, as elucidated in Chapters 11 and 12. It can thus be concluded that the fusion reactor is not contingent on the utilisation of supplementary coils for the perpetual magnetic containment of the plasma. #resfusion10 #Looperator #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #resorbital #asktheinventor #excellence for #thewörld from #theländ www.res-institute.com

RES - Fusion Reactor 11

#resfusion11 Chapter 11 The magnetic field lines are subject to a twisting effect as a consequence of the motion of electrons and ions. With regard to the first variant, V1, in which electrons (red) and ions (blue) are moving in opposite directions along their respective magnetic field line, the animation demonstrates the quantum condition for fermions to return to their initial position in the same spin state within one orbital revolution. With regard to the central magnetic field line (yellow), electrons and ions move in opposite directions perpendicular to the driving Lorentz force (illustrated by the yellow arrow) and perpendicular to the transversal force, which undergoes a360-degree revolution within one orbital revolution. The transversal force is induced by the asymmetry of the magnetic field, which is stronger on the center-oriented side of the double helical plasma volume than on its opposing side. This causes particles to regularly change position, alternating between the outside and inside of their respective plasma layers, as well as to spiral around their respective magnetic field lines, within the span of one orbital revolution. The transversal force elicits a response from electrons and ions, prompting them to alter their position on a regular basis. This entails moving from the exterior of their respective plasma layer to the interior, and vice versa, within the span of one orbital revolution. Furthermore, they demonstrate a proclivity to spiral around their respective magnetic field lines, forming a bead that points in the same direction. The consistent merging of four red and four blue spirals in a common momentum plane can be regarded as a geometric proof of the general validity of the cubic-spherical and relativistic orbital model. A fourfold change in spin direction—from upward to downward—within the span of one orbital revolution ensures the stability of electron and ion tracks, thereby preventing the formation of turbulence within each plasma volume layer. The yellow central magnetic field line is also illustrative of the collective action of the plasma, wherein ions and electrons orbit the magnetic field lines in a spiral, each with an opposite direction of rotation. This is indicative of a common direction of drift. The magnetic field lines are distributed on the surface of uniform transformation spheres within a concentric layered structure around the central magnetic field line. The collisions between the ions, specifically between the nuclei of deuterium and tritium, occur at speeds exceeding 1,000 km/s and temperatures ranging from 100 to 400 million degrees Celsius. These collisions result in the release of a considerable amount of thermal energy through the fusion of the nuclei into helium, accompanied by the emission of high-energy neutrons that do not adhere to the magnetic field lines. #resfusion11 #solution4fusion #resorbital #plasmaphysics #asktheinventor #excellence for #thewörld from #theländ www.res-institute.com

RES - Fusion Reactor 12

#resfusion12 Chapter 12 “Natura non nisi parendo vincitur. Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed." Francis Bacon English philosopher and statesman. * 1561; † 1626 The magnetic field lines are twisted by the drift of electrons and ions. In the initial variation (V1), electrons and ions follow their respective magnetic field lines in opposite directions. Given that the magnetic field is stronger on the side facing the center of the fusion reactor at the intersection of the axes x, y, and z, a transverse force is induced inside the magnetic field, compelling the electrons and ions to orbit the magnetic field lines on spiral paths. As illustrated in Chapter 11, the trajectories of this transverse force are oriented in the same direction. Within two distinct oscillation periods of one spherical ring oscillation, the charged particles exhibit a regular pattern of movement, alternating between the interior and exterior of the plasma volume. As a consequence of the particles' gyral drift, the magnetic field lines themselves are subject to rotational movement, forming a bead that oscillates between the inner and outer magnetic surfaces of each concentric layer of the tubular plasma volume with a period of 360 degrees. Moreover, ions and electrons undergo a transition from an up-spin to a down-spin state four times within the course of one rotation in the torque plane, which is defined by four connection points of four semicircular arcs. As the electrons move in a counterclockwise direction, the ions move in a clockwise direction. The mass of the ions is approximately ten times that of the electrons. In both instances, the path lengths of the electrons and ions are identical in each half of the orbit. It can be observed that the magnetic field is mirror-symmetric, thereby satisfying the equilibrium of forces postulate. The enclosed tubular and layered plasma volume exhibits a spherical magnetic field. This field not only satisfies the conditions of a Poincaré group, but also the Poincaré conjecture, which states that every surface without a hole can be traced back to a sphere. #resfusion12 #Looperator #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #resorbital #asktheinventor #excellence for #thewörld from #theländ www.res-institute.com

RES - Fusion Reactor 13

#resfusion13 Chapter 13 “Natura non nisi parendo vincitur. Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed." Francis Bacon English philosopher and statesman. * 1561; † 1626 The video illustrates the configuration of polable magnetic coils arranged in a transverse orientation relative to the hydro-magnetodynamic flow direction of the plasma. The distribution of these coils is regular, with two coils assigned to each semicircular arc of the fusion reactor. The magnetic coils are capable of being operated with either alternating or direct current and have been designed in such a way that the plasma volume, which is stably guided through the Helmholtz coils (not shown), is brought into temporary contact with the inner shell of the plasma vessel. This is accomplished in the so-called blanket, which serves to facilitate superior heat transfer from the plasma to a circulating heat transfer fluid within the plasma vessel. This transfer is enabled by means of heat conduction. The magnetic coils can be operated in a manner that allows the plasma hose to be deflected in multiple directions, including upwards, downwards, left and right, and diagonally. This enables the transfer of greater quantities of heat from the plasma to the heat transfer fluid. #resfusion13 #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #resorbital #asktheinventor #excellence for #thewörld from #theländ www.res-institute.com

RES - Fusion Reactor 14

#resfusion14 Chapter 14 The magnetic field lines are twisted by the drift of electrons and ions. Given the results of a systematic investigation into the movement possibilities of charged particles in a magnetic field caused by the Lorentz force, it was determined that a scenario V2, in which electrons and ions are orbiting the center of the fusion reactor in the same direction, could not be excluded. As a result, it was demonstrated in Chapter 16 that electrons and ions in this case will drift in opposite directions. As a consequence of this fluid dynamic effect, the transformation spheres exhibit synchronous rotation while the electrons and ions undergo transversal drift in opposite directions. The lateral distribution of flare beneath the magnetic field lines, discernible in images captured within the plasma chamber of a stellarator-type fusion reactor, serves as a visual testament to this gyrotactic effect. The magnetically confined plasma displays the characteristics of an elastic volume, wherein electrons and ions exhibit collective behavior. The unequal distribution of forces within the magnetic field, which is more concentrated on the inner side of the fusion reactor facing the center, defined by the axes x, y, and z, than on the side facing away from the center, gives rise to a transverse force. This force induces a twisting of the magnetic field lines, which results in the electrons and ions drifting apart along separate paths while spiralling their respective magnetic field line. This represents a significant advantage over the ring-shaped magnetic field of the tokamak, which requires the use of poloidal coils for the twisting of the magnetic field lines. Moreover, it is advantageous over the stellarator, in which the twisting of the magnetic field lines is generated by hybrid coils that combine a toroidally effective ring segment with a poloidally effective ring segment, resulting in an exceedingly complex geometry. Fortunately, the combination of the Lorentz force with the transverse drift of the particles in the looper causes the magnetic field lines to change regularly from the outside to the inside of the plasma volume and vice versa, thereby resulting in a regular twisting of the field lines without the need for additional intervention. Furthermore, the incorporation of quantum mechanics into the control of the collective plasma behavior also precludes the formation of vortices and whirlpools. #resfusion14 #Looperator #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #resorbital #asktheinventor #excellence for #thewörld from #theländ www.res-institute.com

RES - Fusion Reactor 15

#resfusion15 Chapter 15 The magnetic field lines are twisted by the drift of electrons and ions. In the second scenario, designated V2, electrons and ions follow their respective magnetic field lines in the same direction, resulting in their drift occurring in opposite directions perpendicular to the field lines as shown in Chapter 16. The animation depicts a tubular plasma volume with an invariant central magnetic field line (yellow) and the trajectories of an electron (red) and an ion (blue) on two outer magnetic field lines. The length of the central magnetic field line can be readily determined, as it comprises four flat semicircular arcs of identical dimensions, which delineate four magnetic field planes, each offset by 90 degrees. The four semicircular arcs are connected to each other at four points of intersection lying in a single plane, thereby defining a common plane of momentum. The aforementioned elements are situated on the surface of a central transformation sphere, defined by the axes x, y, z, which encircles the center of the fusion reactor. Given a specified radius for the transformation sphere, the length of the central magnetic field line is equal to four π, which is equivalent to twice the length of the circumference of a circle with the radius of the uniform transformation sphere. Moreover, a considerable number of decentralized magnetic field lines in the outermost layer of the plasma volume reach their maximum distance from the central point of the fusion reactor at four vertices and undergo a regular alternation between the outside and inside of the plasma volume at the four connection points. It can be demonstrated that the length of the decentralized magnetic field lines is equal to that of the central magnetic field line. In the initial phase of the investigation it was found that the spatial curves, which also represent the radius of gyration of the two decentralized magnetic field lines, lie between the connection points and the vertices on a series of eccentric transformation spheres whose radius corresponds to the number of decentralized magnetic field lines in this layer. It was an unexpected result that the unwinding of the decentralized magnetic field lines showed that they have the same length as the central magnetic field line of the tubular plasma volume shown above in yellow. #resfusion15 #Looperator #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #resorbital #asktheinventor #excellence for #thewörld from #theländ www.res-institute.com

RES - Fusion Reactor 16

#resfusion16 Chapter 16 The magnetic field lines are twisted by the drift of electrons and ions. With regard to the second variant, V2, in which electrons (red) and ions (blue) are moving in the same direction along their respective magnetic field lines, the animation demonstrates the quantum condition for fermions to return to their initial position in the same spin state within one orbital revolution. With regard to the central magnetic field line (yellow), electrons and ions with different velocities move in the same direction perpendicular to the driving Lorentz force (illustrated by the yellow arrow) and perpendicular to a transversal force, which is induced by the asymmetry of the magnetic field and is stronger on the center oriented inside than on the opposed outside of the double helical plasma chamber. The particles demonstrate a proclivity for alternating between the exterior and interior of their respective plasma layers, as well as for spiraling around their respective magnetic field lines, within the span of one orbital revolution. Furthermore, they demonstrate a proclivity to spiral around their respective magnetic field lines, forming a bead that points in opposing directions. The consistent merging of four red and four blue spirals in a common momentum plane can be regarded as a geometric proof of the general validity of the cubic-spherical and relativistic orbital model. A fourfold change in spin direction—from upward to downward—within the span of one orbital revolution ensures the stability of electron and ion tracks, thereby preventing the formation of turbulence within a multitude of plasma layers around the (yellow) central magnetic field line. The animation also demonstrates the collective behavior of the plasma, in which ions and electrons orbit the magnetic field lines in a spiral, each displaying an opposite direction of rotation, indicative of a common direction of drift. The magnetic field lines are distributed on the surface of uniform transformation spheres within a concentric layered structure around the central magnetic field line. The collisions between the ions, specifically between the nuclei of deuterium and tritium, occur at speeds exceeding 1,000 km/s and temperatures ranging from 100 to 400 million degrees Celsius. These collisions result in the release of a considerable amount of thermal energy through the fusion of the nuclei into helium, accompanied by the emission of high-energy neutrons that do not adhere to the magnetic field lines. #resfusion16 #Looperator #solution4fusion #plasmaphysics #excellence for #thewörld from #theländ www.res-institute.com